THE ESTIMATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SOYABEАN PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of the soybean production process in Ukraine. The dynamics of soybean production for the period 2015-2017 is positive. It has been determined that positive dynamics is ensured due to the following factors: an increase in the productivity of the crop from 18 to 23.6 c/hectare and the introduction of innovative integrated technologies into the production process. The analysis of the structure of crop areas under soya in the regions of Ukraine has been carried out, changes in the structure of crops are presented, and the region-leaders have been identified. The analysis of the balance of demand and supply of soybeans in the agrarian market has been carried out. It is determined that the demand and supply of soybeans increase the initial stocks by 2 times and reduce the final balances by 91%. The dynamics of the directions of soybean consumption - the processing of oil, the export of commodity seeds. The factors that determine the export direction of consumption of domestic commodity seeds of soya are summarized. The export direction of consumption of domestic commodity seeds is due to the absence of export duties, a high level of margins between the price on the domestic and European markets, the stable demand for European soybean oil, seeds in the European markets. It was established that the level of profitability of soybean production varied within 30-50%. The cost of soybean production increased by 4%, the average selling price - by 12%. It is proved that the slow growth of sales prices led to a decrease in the profitability level in 2017. Detailed structure of the cost price of soybeans. The main items of expenses for the production of this crop are given. The emphasis is placed on the process of intensifying soybean production. It was determined that there was an increase in the minimum and maximum prices for soybeans in the domestic market. Soybeans at the price of sales took the third position. The interest of farmers in cultivating soybeans is due to the profitability of the crop, but is accompanied by significant production and financial risks.