INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY: ASSESSMENT OF THE MODERN ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL TRENDS AND RISK FACTORS
Abstract
The growing dynamism of international economic relations, changes in the alignment of forces on the world economic arena, the formation of new centers of global and regional influence, the emergence of complex, multidimensional models of international economic interaction; the development of the global financial crisis; development of information and communication technologies; fundamental shifts in the geopolitical space have exacerbated issues of ensuring economic security. A study of global trends affecting the modern environment of international economic security has allowed us to differentiate them into two types of unipolar, which pose pure risks to economic security; bipolar, which create security challenges. It has been determined that the most important global risk factors of a purely economic, ideological, political, socio-demographic, environmental and information and technological nature, which pose the greatest threats to the national economic security of countries and, accordingly, international economic security, are the following: competition of political and ideological doctrines and related economic strategies of countries; increased competition for markets; the aggravation of the struggle for resources (natural, including energy; human, including intellectual, financial) widening the gap between rich and poor countries, worsening global financial situation due to the global financial crisis; increasing the level of financialization of the global economy, the growing global influence of TNCs; increased conflict of interest between global companies and states; uncontrolled international migration; the development of the shadow economy, the growth of illegal capital migration and the problem of laundering "dirty" money; the growing impact of environmental threats on economic security; negative manifestations of deepening the integration of information technology in all areas of socio-economic life. It has been noted that individual mega-trends are threats to international and national economic security, are interrelated and closely correlate with each other.
References
Kahler, M. (2004), “Economic security in an era of globalization: definition and provision”, The Pacific Review, vol. 17, Issue 4, pp. 485-502, available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0951274042000326032
Renner, M. (2002), “The Anatomy of Resource Wars”, Worldwatch Institute, available at: http://www.worldwatch.org/system/files/WP162.pdf
Ackroyd, P. and Marsden, S. (2006), “Enhancing security culture – simple, effective approaches to making improvement”, Greenstreet Berman, available at: https://www.icheme.org/communities/subject_groups/security%20and%20loss%20prevention/resources/hazards%20archive/~/media/Documents/Subject%20Groups/Security_Loss_Prevention/Hazards%20Archive/XIX/XIX-Paper-32.pdf
Baldwin, D.A. (1997), “The concept of security”, Review of International Studies, Vol. 23, Issue 1, pp.5-26, available at: http://www.princeton.edu/~dbaldwin/selected%20articles/Baldwin%20(1997)%20The%20Concept%20of%20Security.pdf
Lawrence, M. (2013), “Three approaches to security: prevention, protection and resilience”, available at: https://secgovcentre.org/2013/02/three-approaches-to-security-prevention-protection-and-resilience/
Nanto, D.K. (2011), “Economics and National Security: Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy: CRS Report for Congress”, Congressional Research Service, available at: https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R41589.pdf
UNCTADstat (2019), available at: https://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/
Parakhons'kyj, B.O. Yavors'ka, H.M. and Reznikova, O.O. (2013), Mizhnarodne bezpekove seredovysche: vyklyky i zahrozy natsional'nij bezpetsi Ukrainy [International security environment: challenges and threats to Ukraine's national security], NISD, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Dudin, M.N. Fedorova, I.J. Ploticina, L.A. Tokmurzin, T.M. Belyaeva, M.V. and Ilyin. A.B. (2018), “International Practices to Improve Economic Security”, European Research Studies Journal, Vol. XXI, Issue 1, pp. 459-467.
IMF (2019), “Data Template on International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity”, available at: http://data.imf.org/?sk=2DFB3380-3603-4D2C-90BE-A04D8BBCE237
Buzan, B. (1991), People, States & Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, Pearson Longman, London, UK.
Pylypenko, O.Ye. (2014), “Modern problems of international security”, Aktual'ni problemy mizhnarodnykh vidnosyn, vol. 1, no. 123, pp.16-23.
Avansova, N.E. (2016), “Economic security of Ukraine in the system of economic security of the European Union”, Visnyk ekonomiky transportu i promyslovosti, vol. 56, pp. 74-82.
Sabadash, V.V. Davydenko, I.V. and Babij, T.V. (2017), “Competition for resources and economic conflicts in the global business environment: the driving force, security, institutional and resource management concept”, Mekhanizm rehuliuvannia ekonomiky, vol. 4, pp. 128-147.
Kalinina, S.P. and Davydiuk, L.P. (2016), “International competition for human potential: a migration context”, Teoretychni i praktychni aspekty ekonomiky ta intelektual'noi vlasnosti, vol. 14, pp. 209-213.
Marena, T.V. (2008), Formuvannia valiutnoi polityky krain svitu v suchasnykh umovakh [Formation of monetary policy of the countries of the world in modern conditions], «Veber» (Donets'ka filiia), Donets'k, Ukraine.
World Economic Forum (2019), The Global Risks Report 2019, 14th Ed, World Economic Forum, Geneva.
IMF (2018), “Global Financial Stability Report: A Decade After the Global Financial Crisis: Are We Safer?”, available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/GFSR/Issues/2018/09/25/Global-Financial-Stability-Report-October-2018
Sokhats'ka, O.M. (2014), “Financing the world economy”, Novyj svitovyj ekonomichnyj poriadok ta hlobal'ni vyklyky dlia Ukrainy [New world economic order and global challenges for Ukraine], TNEU, Ternopil', Ukraine, pp.215-227.
IMF (2003-2018), “Global Financial Stability Report”, available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/GFSR
Hal'chynskyj, A. (2008), “World monetary crisis: the origins, the logic of transformations”, Zerkalo nedely, vol. 42, available at: https://zn.ua/ECONOMICS/mirovoy_denezhnyy_krizisistoki,_logika_transformatsiy.html
Karliner, J. (1997), The Corporate Planet: Ecology and Politics in the Age of Globalization, Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, USA.
Ahmed, N.M. (2004), “The globalization of insecurity: how the international economic order undermines human and national security on a world scale”, Historia Actual Online, vol. 5, pp. 113-126 available at: https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/40905733_The_globalization_of_insecurity_how_the_international_economic_order_undermines_human_and_ national_security_on_a_world_scale
Shahoian, S.M. (2018), “Influence of corporate structures of the mining industry on the economic security of the countries of the world”, Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation, Economy, Mariupol's'kyj derzhavnyj un-t, Mariupil', Ukraine.
Krylova, K.V. and Serebrennikov, B.S. (2013), “The impact of transnationalization on the national economy and security of the state”, Aktual'ni problemy ekonomiky ta upravlinnia, available at: (http://probl-economy.kpi.ua/pdf/2013-18.pdf
Bezrukova, N.V. and Svichkar', V.A. (2013), “Activities of transnational corporations in the context of national economic security”, Visnyk Odes'koho natsional'noho universytetu. Ekonomika, vol. 18, no. 1(1), pp. 27-30.
Bondarchuk, V.V. (2016), “European migration crisis and EU stability”, Skhidna Yevropa: ekonomika, biznes ta upravlinnia, vol. 2(02), pp. 28-31.
Momot, T.V. Vaschenko, O.M. and Teslenko, R.Yu. (2018), “The shadow economy as a threat to Ukraine's economic security”, Ekonomika i suspil'stvo, vol. 15, pp. 169-176.
Bulatova, O.V. Karpenko, O.I. and Fedorov, E.V. (2018), “Assessment of the shadowing processes of the Ukrainian economy and economic security of the country”, Visnyk Mariupol's'koho derzhavnoho universytetu. Seriia: Ekonomika, vol. 16, pp. 125-134.
Kryvonos, L. (2018), “World experience in dealing with "dirty" money”, Finansovyj kontrol', available at: https://fincontrol.com.ua/news-public.php?id=68
Nekhaj, V.A. and Nekhaj, V.V. (2017), “Information security as a component of economic security of enterprises”, Naukovyj visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Ekonomika i menedzhment, vol. 24(2), pp. 137-140.
The Economist Intelligence Unit (2019), “Cause for concern? The top 10 risks to the global economy 2019”, available at: https://espas.secure.europarl.europa.eu/orbis/sites/default/files/generated/document/en/Top_10_risks_to_the_global_economy.pdf
