THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Abstract

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the efficiency of agricultural enterprises. Summarizing the theoretical development of foreign and domestic scientists gives grounds for the conclusion that modern methodological approaches to determining efficiency are based on the provisions of neoclassical and institutional theory, which reveal the potential and actual possibilities of using factors of production, depending on the scale of activity. It is noted that quantitative and qualitative characteristics of land, labor, fixed and working capital are generally used to determine the efficiency of agricultural production. It is emphasized that, taking into account the multifacetedness of the category "efficiency" as a complex of natural, economic, social, scientific and technical conditions of the interaction of productive forces and production relations, the following types of efficiency are distinguished: technological, economic, social and ecological. Extensive and intensive methods of extended reproduction of labor force, means of production and natural resources are analyzed. It is noted that the efficiency of agricultural production depends primarily on the efficiency of the use of all its resources, which are factors of production, such as land, capital, labor and entrepreneurship. In agriculture, natural resources, as a factor of production, primarily mean agricultural land. Therefore, one of the main indicators of economic efficiency is gross production, gross income and profit obtained from one hectare of agricultural land, arable land or crops. It is concluded that an important form of increasing the efficiency of agriculture based on its intensification is the expansion of the reproductive process, the implementation of the results of scientific and technical progress, the implementation of methodical approaches to the assessment and management of risk factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship. This makes it possible to increase production output, increase labor productivity and reduce unit costs.